require-concurrent-index-creation

problem

During a normal index creation, table updates are blocked, but reads are still allowed. CONCURRENTLY avoids locking the table against writes during index creation.

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-CONCURRENTLY

solution

Ensure all index creations use the CONCURRENTLY option.

This rule ignores indexes added to tables created in the same transaction.

create index

Instead of:

-- blocks writes to table while index is built
CREATE INDEX "email_idx" ON "app_user" ("email");

Use:

-- allows reads and writes while index is built
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY "email_idx" ON "app_user" ("email");

solution for alembic and sqlalchemy

Instead of:

# migrations/*.py
from alembic import op

def schema_upgrades():
    op.create_index(
        "email_idx",
        "app_user",
        ["email"],
        schema="app",
        unique=False,
    )

def schema_downgrades():
    op.drop_index(
        "email_idx",
        schema="app",
    )

Use:

# migrations/*.py
from alembic import op

def schema_upgrades():
    with op.get_context().autocommit_block():
        op.create_index(
            op.f("email_idx"),
            "app_user",
            ["email"],
            unique=False,
            postgresql_concurrently=True,
        )

def schema_downgrades():
    with op.get_context().autocommit_block():
        op.drop_index(
            "email_idx",
            table_name="app_user",
            postgresql_concurrently=True,
        )

Notes:

In a concurrent index build, the index is actually entered as an “invalid” (details)